AI home task

if you want to the summary of whole work: https://makcsera.blogspot.com/2025/03/summary-of-ai-task.html

 1. Induction: 

Concept: Induction ek reasoning method hai jisme past observations ka use karke general rules banaye jate hain.

🔹 Example:

• Observation 1: Sun rises in the east today.
• Observation 2: Sun rises in the east tomorrow.
• Conclusion: The sun always rises in the east.

✅ AI Connection:

• Machine Learning induction principle ka use karta hai, jisme AI past data se patterns seekhkar future predictions karta hai.
• Limitation: Induction hamesha 100% accurate nahi hota (e.g., agar kisi ne sirf white swans dekhe hain, to wo ye maan lega ke saare swans white hote hain, lekin black swans bhi exist karte hain).

2️⃣ Logical Positivism

🔹 Concept: Logical Positivism kehta hai ke koi bhi statement tabhi meaningful hai agar usko logic aur science se prove kiya ja sake.
🔹 Example:

• ✅ "Water boils at 100°C" → Ye scientific observation se verify kiya ja sakta hai, isliye valid hai.
• ❌ "Ghosts exist" → Isko scientifically prove nahi kiya ja sakta, isliye ye meaningless hai.

✅ AI Connection:

• AI scientific facts aur logical rules ko use karke decision-making karta hai.
• Example: AI fraud detection system sirf logical aur verifiable data ko analyze karta hai.
• Limitation: Har cheez logic ya science se prove nahi ho sakti (e.g., human emotions, ethics).

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3️⃣ Observation Sentences

🔹 Concept: Observation sentences wo hote hain jo directly humare experiences se verify kiye ja sakein.
🔹 Example:

• ✅ "It is raining outside" → Agar hum bahar jaakar dekh sakein, to ye sentence verify ho sakta hai.
• ❌ "The universe is infinite" → Isko directly observe nahi kiya ja sakta, isliye ye ek non-observable statement hai.

✅ AI Connection:

• Computer Vision AI objects ko directly observe karke recognize karta hai.
• Medical AI x-ray ya MRI images observe karke diseases detect karti hai.
• Limitation: Har observation accurate nahi hoti, aur sensors galti bhi kar sakte hain.

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4️⃣ Confirmation Theory

🔹 Concept: Confirmation Theory kehta hai ke ek hypothesis tabhi valid hoti hai jab uske support me multiple evidences ho.
🔹 Example:

• Hypothesis: "Smoking causes lung cancer."
• Evidence 1: Smokers ke beech me lung cancer ka percentage zyada hai.
• Evidence 2: Scientific experiments dikhate hain ke tobacco me harmful chemicals hote hain.
• ✅ Conclusion: Yeh hypothesis confirm ho rahi hai.

✅ AI Connection:

• AI multiple data sources ka analysis karke hypothesis verify karta hai (e.g., medical diagnosis, crime detection).
• Example: Google Search AI different sources ko cross-check karke relevant results dikhata hai.
• Limitation: False information agar zyada repeat ho to AI incorrect conclusion bhi nikal sakta hai.  

5. NP-Completeness

NP-Completeness AI, Cryptography aur Optimization problems ka core hai. AI abhi exact NP problems solve nahi kar sakta, but heuristic aur approximate methods ka use karke efficient solutions nikal raha hai!

6. fuzzy logic:

Fuzzy Logic AI ko human-like decision making sikhata hai. Yeh uncertainty handle karne me expert hai, isliye robotics, self-driving cars, medical diagnosis aur automation me iska use hota hai!